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采用植物染色体常规制片技术,对54个西南地区玉米地方品种的B染色体进行细胞学鉴定。结果表明,玉米地方品种B染色体具有常见B染色体的基本特征,B染色体在地方品种细胞中的异常分布是细胞和植株个体存在B染色体数目变化的主要原因。在检测的54个玉米地方品种中有9个存在B染色体,B染色体数目在品种间发生0~7个的数目变化,在同一品种的不同细胞间发生0~3个的数目变化;具有1、2个和3个B染色体的地方品种分别占玉米地方品种总数的12.96%、5.56%和3.70%;在对每个玉米地方品种检测的30个细胞中,具有0、1、2个和3个B染色体的细胞比例分别为86.81%、5.42%、4.44%和3.33%。分析含B染色体玉米地方品种的地理分布,四川省的东南部地区是玉米地方品种B染色体的集中分布区。
The chromosomes of 54 maize cultivars in the southwest of China were genotyped by using the conventional technique of plant chromosomes. The results showed that B chromosomes of maize local breeds have the basic characteristics of common B chromosomes. The abnormal distribution of B chromosomes in local breeds cells is the main reason for the number of B chromosomes in cells and plant individuals. Among the 54 maize cultivars tested, 9 showed B chromosomes. The number of B chromosomes varied from 0 to 7 in different cultivars, and changed from 0 to 3 in different cells of the same cultivar. 2 and 3 B chromosomes accounted for 12.96%, 5.56% and 3.70% of the total number of maize landraces respectively; among the 30 cells tested for each maize landraces, there were 0, 1, 2 and 3 The proportions of B chromosomes were 86.81%, 5.42%, 4.44% and 3.33%, respectively. Analysis of geographical distribution of B cultivars containing B chromosomes in the southeast of Sichuan Province is a concentrated distribution of B chromosomes in maize varieties.