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目的探讨特发性矮小(ISS)儿童从青春期前到青春期自我意识水平和焦虑、抑郁状况的变化,为不同发育阶段儿童进行心理健康干预提供基础数据。方法按照Tanner分期把108例ISS儿童和128例正常儿童分别分成青春期前组和青春期组,采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、流调中心儿童抑郁量表(CESDC)对其进行问卷调查分析。结果青春期前ISS儿童PHCSS的躯体外貌与属性评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PHCSS总分及其余各因子、SCARED和CES-DC量表总分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。青春期ISS儿童在PHCSS总分、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福及满足均显著低于对照组,SCARED总分与CES-DC总分则显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在ISS儿童中,青春期组PHCSS量表的总分及分量表的躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群3个因子评分均显著低于青春期前组(P<0.05),其余各因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青春期组SCARED总分与CES-DC总分显著高于青春期前组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青春期前ISS儿童已关注自身身高问题并感不满,但无整体自我意识受损或焦虑抑郁情绪,青春期ISS儿童出现自我意识普遍低下及更多的焦虑抑郁情绪。从青春期前至青春期,ISS儿童自我意识水平显著下降,焦虑抑郁水平显著升高。
Objective To explore the changes of self-awareness and anxiety and depression status of idiopathic short stature (ISS) children from pre-puberty to adolescence, and provide the basic data for mental health intervention in children of different developmental stages. Methods According to the Tanner staging, 108 ISS children and 128 normal children were divided into pre-adolescent group and adolescent group. The Piers-Harris Childhood Self-Consciousness Scale (PHCSS), Childhood Anxiety Disorder Scale (SCARED) Center for Child Depression Scale (CESDC) conducted a questionnaire survey. Results The physical appearance and attribute scores of PHCSS in pre-adolescent ISS children were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in the total scores of PHCSS and other factors, SCARED and CES-DC Significance (P> 0.05). Adolescent ISS children in PHCSS total score, body appearance and attributes, anxiety, gregariousness, happiness and satisfaction were significantly lower than the control group, SCARED score and CES-DC score was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In ISS children, the scores of physical appearance, attributes, anxiety and cohort of PHCSS in adolescence group were significantly lower than those in pre-adolescent group (P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in other factors (P> 0.05). The scores of SCARED and CES-DC in adolescence group were significantly higher than those in preadolescent group (P <0.05). Conclusions Pre-adolescent ISS children have been concerned about their height and dissatisfaction, but without overall self-awareness or anxiety and depression, adolescent ISS children generally low self-awareness and more anxiety and depression. From pre-puberty to adolescence, ISS children’s self-awareness decreased significantly, anxiety and depression levels increased significantly.