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以耐密植大豆品种合农76为试验材料,采用二因素完全随机区组设计,设置5个播种密度(25万,30万,35万,40万及45万株·hm~(-2))和6个施肥水平,研究其对大豆产量及产量相关性状的影响,探索耐密植大豆品种产量相关性状的最优配置,明确该品种最佳播种密度及施肥水平。结果表明:随着播种密度的增加,株高呈升高趋势,节数、单株荚数、单株粒数及百粒重均呈降低趋势;随着施肥水平的提高,株高、节数和百粒重呈升高趋势,单株荚数和单株粒数无明显变化规律;随着播种密度的增加及施肥水平的提高,产量均呈先升高后降低的总体趋势,最高产量处理组合各产量相关性状均未达到最佳表现,而是达到最优配置,群体产量得到最大发挥。在播种密度为40万株·hm~(-2)及施肥水平为磷酸二铵140 kg·hm~(-2)、尿素45 kg·hm~(-2)及氯化钾35 kg·hm~(-2)条件下,产量最高(3 309.77 kg·hm~(-2)),在播种密度为35万株·hm~(-2)及施肥水平为磷酸二铵120 kg·hm~(-2)、尿素40 kg·hm~(-2)及氯化钾30 kg·hm~(-2)条件下,产量次之(3 302.07 kg·hm~(-2))且差异未达到极显著水平,说明适当降低播种密度和施肥水平也能够获得较高的产量,从而达到节本、增效、环保的目的。
A five-sowing density (250,000, 300,000, 350,000, 400,000 and 450,000 plants · hm -2) was set in a two-factor randomized block design with a close-planting soybean variety, Heinong76, as test material. And six fertilization levels to study the effects on the yield and yield-related traits of soybean, explore the optimal allocation of yield-related traits of close-planting soybean varieties, and determine the optimum sowing density and fertilization level. The results showed that with the increase of sowing density, plant height increased, the number of nodes, pods per plant, grain number per plant and weight per 100 grains decreased. With the increase of fertilization level, plant height, The grain weight and the number of pods per plant showed no significant change. With the increase of sowing density and fertilization level, the yield tended to increase first and then decrease, and the highest yield combination Yield-related traits did not achieve the best performance, but to achieve the optimal configuration, the maximum output of groups to play. Under the planting density of 400 000 hm -2 and the fertilization levels of 140 kg · hm -2, 45 kg · hm -2 urea and 35 kg · hm ~ (-2), and the highest yield (309.97 kg · hm -2) was obtained at the planting density of 350 000 hm -2 and the fertilization level was 120 kg · hm ~ (- 2), urea (40 kg · hm -2) and potassium chloride (30 kg · hm -2), the yield was second (3 302.07 kg · hm -2) and the difference was not significant Level, indicating that the appropriate reduction of planting density and fertilization level can also be higher yield, so as to achieve the section, efficiency, environmental protection purposes.