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2006年汛期长江出现了历史罕见的特枯径流,汛期长江寸滩站、嘉陵江北碚站出现了有记录以来历史同期最低水位,乌江武隆站出现了历史同期第4低水位。这一现象引起了各方面的关注。论文根据2006年长江干支流主要水文站实测数据以及长江流域33个气象站气温数据和降水量数据,对2006年汛期长江流域特枯径流进行了分析。研究发现,宜昌、汉口、大通三站的汛期月平均流量均降至有历史记录以来的最小值,部分月份不足正常年份的1/3,总体径流量偏少30%~60%。全线水位快速退落,重庆、宜昌、沙市、汉口水位为100多年来同期最低,几近常年长江枯水季节水位。研究认为降水减少是造成长江2006年汛期枯水的主要原因。2006年气温较多年平均明显偏高0.5~2℃,副高和大陆高压的异常,使汛期长江流域降水量大大减少,尤其在7~10月份,几大支流流域降水量减少幅度达到20%~80%。在全球气候变暖的背景下,对2006年汛期长江流域特枯径流进行研究具有非常重要的理论和现实意义。
In the flood season of 2006, a rare special dry-runoff occurred in the Yangtze River. During the flood season, the lowest water level occurred in the same period of the same period in the Yangtze River Cotatain and Jialing River Beijiao stations, and Wujiang Wulong Station recorded the fourth lowest water level in history. This phenomenon has aroused various concerns. Based on the data of major hydrological stations of the Yangtze River and the branch in 2006 and the temperature data and precipitation data of 33 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin in 2006, this paper analyzed the runoff of the special wilt in the Yangtze River Basin in the flood season of 2006. The study found that the average monthly flow in the flood season of Yichang, Hankou and Datong stations dropped to the minimum since the historical records, some of them were less than one third of the normal year and the total runoff was 30% -60% less than normal. The water level of all the cities retreated rapidly. The water level of Chongqing, Yichang, Shashi and Hankou was the lowest over the past 100 years. The study suggests that the decrease of precipitation is the main reason for the dry season in the flood season of the Yangtze River in 2006. In 2006, the annual average temperature was obviously higher than the annual average of 0.5 ~ 2 ℃. The anomalies of the subtropical high and the continental high pressure greatly reduced the precipitation in the Yangtze River during the flood season, especially in the period from July to October. The precipitation reduction in several major tributaries reached 20% 80%. In the context of global warming, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the runoff in the 2006 special flood season in the Yangtze River Basin.