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目的：探讨黄芪多糖对大鼠急性放射性肺损伤的治疗作用。方法48只Wistar大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、黄芪多糖组、地塞米松组，每组12只。后3组大鼠采用6MV-X线直线加速器对大鼠双肺进行照射（20 Gy／次）造模，随后分别给予0.9％氯化钠注射液、黄芪多糖（8 mg／mL）和地塞米松（0.05 mg／mL）持续灌胃治疗8周，正常组佯装照射，给予生理盐水灌胃于放疗后2、8周，每组随机抽取6只大鼠处死，心脏取血进行白细胞、红细胞计数；取各组大鼠右上肺组织，HE染色观察病理改变。结果成功构建了放射性肺损伤大鼠模型，一般情况观察显示：照射后的大鼠陆续出现精神萎靡，活动量减少、弓背、脱毛等症状，黄芪多糖及地塞米松处理后的大鼠与模型组比较，脱毛等现象逐渐改善。正常组未见任何明显异常变化。与正常组比较，模型组大鼠血液中白细胞及红细胞计数明显降低（P＜0.05），肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF）中白细胞及红细胞明显升高（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，地塞米松组与黄芪多糖组血液中白细胞及红细胞计数明显回升（ P＜0.05），且BALF中红细胞及白细胞明显降低（ P＜0.05）；但黄芪多糖组与地塞米松组比较差异无统计学意义。肺组织病理学显示：模型组较正常组大鼠，肺泡壁破裂、肺泡间隔增宽、肺间质增生、肺泡腔及肺间质有大量炎性细胞渗出；地塞米松组及黄芪多糖组大鼠均较模型组明显减轻，但2者之间差异无统计学意义。结论黄芪多糖能显著改善大鼠急性放射性肺损伤，作用与地塞米松相近，为放射性肺损伤提供了治疗新方法。“,”Objective To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides on radio-pulmonary lesion.Methods 48 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, model group, astragalus polysaccharides treated group and dexamethasone treated group, each had 12 rats.Models of radio-pulmonary lesion of rats in later three groups were established by whole-thorax irradiation 20 Gy, then normal group was pretending to irradiation.Rats in normal group and model group were given 0.9% NaCl, astragalus polysaccharides treated group and dexamethasone treated group were given astragalus polysaccharides(8mg/mL) and dexamethasone(0.05mg/mL), accordingly.All rats were with 8 weeks, at 2 w and 8 w post-injury, 6 rats in each group were selected randomly and anesthesia to death.The erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) in each group were detected and histological examination of lung tissues were performed by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining to study general morphology.Results Radiation-induced lung injury rat model were successfully constructed, general observation showed that irradiated rats gradually appear listlessness, reduce the volume of activities, arched, hair removal and other symptoms, astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and dexamethasone treated rats had gradual improvement than model group.Compared with control group, erythrocytes and leukocytes counts in serum of model group at 2 w and 8 w post-injury were significantly decreased(P <0.05), the numbers of erythrocytes and leukocytes in BALF were significantly increased(P <0.05). Compared with model group group, the leukocytes, erythrocytes and neutrophils counts in serum of astragalus polysaccharides treated group anddexamethasone treated group were all increased(P <0.05), respectively, and the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in BLAF were significantly decreased(P<0.05).All the indexes between two groups had no significant difference.The pathological changes of lung tissues showed that rats in model group had rupture alveolar wall, widened alveolar interval, pulmonary interstitial hyperplasia, and the alveolar space and interstitial lung stroma had a large number of inflammatory cells exudation.The symptoms in astragalus polysaccharides treated group and dexamethasone treated group were all alleviated, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Astragalus polysaccharides have therapeutic effect on radio-pulmonary lesion in rats, and the therapeutic effects of astragalus polysaccharides are roughly similar to dexamethasone.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism behind the effects of astragalus polysaccharides in order to develop appropriate treatment.