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目的:探讨5岁以下儿童死亡原因及影响因素,提出相应干预措施,提高儿童保健服务质量,降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。方法:对吐鲁番市2012年死亡监测点中的96例死亡儿童进行评审分析。结果:2012年吐鲁番市5岁以下儿童死亡监测点死亡率为17.56‰,死因顺位前五位分别是:早产低出生体重、肺炎、先心病、意外、腹泻、出生窒息。不可避免死亡45例,占46.9%,可避免死亡9例,占9.4%,创造条件可避免死亡42例,占43.2%。结论:普及健康教育,加强孕产妇、儿童系统管理,推广适宜技术规范,提高产、儿科医疗保健人员的专业知识技能,是有效降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重要措施。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes of death and its influencing factors in children under 5 years of age and to put forward corresponding interventions to improve the quality of child health services and reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Methods: Ninety-six children who died during the 2012 death monitoring in Turpan City were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of death under 5 years old children in Turpan City in 2012 was 17.56 ‰. The top five causes of death were as follows: low birth weight, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, accident, diarrhea and birth asphyxia. 45 cases inevitably died, accounting for 46.9%, 9 cases were avoidable, accounting for 9.4%, and 42 cases were avoidable, accounting for 43.2%. CONCLUSION: The popularization of health education, the strengthening of maternal and child system management, the promotion of appropriate technical specifications, and the improvement of professional knowledge and skills of birth and pediatric health care workers are important measures to effectively reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.