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2005年11月,国务院在北京召开全国职教会,颁布了《关于大力发展职业教育的决定》,职业教育发展进入了新阶段。国家确定实施职业教育四大工程,即国家技能型人才培养培训工程、国家农村劳动力转移培训工程、农村实用人才培训工程和以提高职业技能为重点的成人继续教育和再就业培训工程。同时出台了一系列的政策措施,中央财政拿出100个亿,重点扶持2000个职业教育实训基地,1000个县级职教中心,对贫困学生予以补助。明确2010年前,中等职业学校不能升专科;进一步推进学生获取职业资格证书工作;取得职业院校学历证书的毕业生,参加与所学专业相关的中级职业技能鉴定时,免除理论考核,操作技能考核合格者可获得相应的职业资格证书等等。全国职教会后,从大的方面讲,各级党委政府更加重视职教发展。技工教育作为职业教育的重要组成部分,理论上应当得到重视,但在实践中却面临着更多的困难和挑战。一是从国家的有关文件来看,技工教育只字未提,有被边缘化的倾向。虽然省里做了很大努力,但形势不容乐观。二是国家的有关扶持政策很难惠及到技工教育。三是其他职业学校的大力发展必然会对技工教育形成更大的竞争压力。有资金扶持,有学历支持,有职业资格,更加重视技能培训,使其他职业学校的竞争优势增强,从而一定程度上压缩了技工院校的发展空间。
In November 2005, the State Council convened the National Vocational Church in Beijing and promulgated the “Decision on Vitalizing Vocational Education”. The development of vocational education has entered a new phase. The state has decided to implement the four major programs of vocational education, namely, the training program for national skilled personnel training, the national rural labor transfer training project, the practical training program for rural residents, and the continuing education and reemployment training program focusing on improving vocational skills. At the same time, a series of policies and measures were put in place. The central government took out 10 billion yuan and focused on supporting 2,000 vocational education training bases and 1,000 county-level vocational education centers to subsidize poor students. It is clear that secondary vocational schools can not be promoted to junior colleges until 2010; further promote students’ access to vocational qualification certificates; graduates with academic certificates from vocational colleges should be exempt from theoretical assessment and operational skills when they participate in the appraisal of intermediate vocational skills related to their major Qualified candidates can obtain the appropriate vocational qualification certificates and so on. After the National Vocational Education Council, from a large aspect, the party committees and governments at all levels pay more attention to the development of vocational education. As an important part of vocational education, mechanic education should be paid attention in theory, but it faces more difficulties and challenges in practice. First, judging from the relevant documents of the state, there is no mention of mechanic education and there is a tendency to be marginalized. Although great efforts have been made in the province, the situation is not optimistic. Second, it is very difficult for the state’s supportive policies to benefit technician education. Third, the vigorous development of other vocational schools will inevitably create more competitive pressure on technical education. Financial support, academic support, vocational qualifications, pay more attention to skills training, so that other vocational schools to enhance the competitive advantage, which to some extent, reduced the development space for technical institutions.