论文部分内容阅读
目的了解国际援助项目所建农村水厂运行现状,探讨农村水厂设计规模和设计参数选择对水厂运行状况的影响。方法于2006年9月—2007年9月,按照地区代表性原则选择新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、云南、贵州、湖北、浙江、辽宁8个省(区)的国际援助项目农村水厂,采用现场调查、问卷调查、资料回顾等方式对水厂设计和现状供水规模、供水率、受益人口、水厂改扩建和报废情况、运行年限进行调查和分析。结果共调查8个省55个县的1808座农村水厂。供水规模在20～<200m3/d的小型水厂最多,占50%以上。报废水厂125座,报废率为6.91%,其中,供水规模20～<200m3/d的小型水厂70座。水厂平均供水率为72.71%,其中,东部地区(浙江和辽宁)超过100%(119.65%和109.22%),中部地区(湖北)为61.80%,西部地区(新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、云南和贵州)为65.69%(61.10%,84.89%,68.31%,77.72%和36.41%)。运行年限不足15a水厂的平均供水率<70%,运行年限在15a及以上的水厂平均供水率超过100%。现状受益人口与设计受益人口的比值随水厂运行年限的增加而升高。调查水厂现状人均综合用水量是设计的101.73%,其中,云南、浙江和辽宁的水厂现状与设计人均综合用水量之比超过100%,新疆、甘肃、内蒙和湖北基本达到设计人均综合用水量,贵州现状人均综合用水量为设计水平的70.24%。结论社会经济发展程度对农村水厂供水率和人均综合用水量变化率有较大影响,提示农村水厂的规划设计应当在因地制宜的前提下提倡适度规模建设,以符合我国农村地区社会经济的发展需求。
Objective To understand the operation status of rural waterworks built by international aid projects and to discuss the influence of the design scale and design parameters of rural waterworks on the operation of waterworks. Methods From September 2006 to September 2007, rural aid plants of international aid projects in eight provinces (autonomous regions) of Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Zhejiang and Liaoning were selected according to the principle of regional representation. , Questionnaire survey, data review and other means on the waterworks design and the status quo of water supply scale, water supply, beneficiary population, waterworks expansion and retirement, operating conditions for the investigation and analysis. Results A total of 1808 rural waterworks were surveyed in 55 counties in 8 provinces. The scale of water supply in 20 ~ <200m3 / d of the largest water plant, accounting for more than 50%. There are 125 scrapped water plants with a scrap rate of 6.91%, of which 70 are small-scale waterworks with a water supply scale of 20 ~ <200m3 / d. The average water supply rate of the waterworks was 72.71%, of which, the eastern regions (Zhejiang and Liaoning) exceeded 100% (119.65% and 109.22%), the middle regions (Hubei) 61.80%, the western regions (Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Guizhou ) Was 65.69% (61.10%, 84.89%, 68.31%, 77.72% and 36.41%). The average water supply rate is less than 15 years. The average water supply rate is less than 70%, and the average water supply rate for plants operating for more than 15 years and over is more than 100%. The ratio of the current beneficiary population to the designed beneficiary population increased with the increase of the operating life of the water plant. Survey of water status quo per capita water consumption is 101.73% of the design, of which, Yunnan, Zhejiang and Liaoning water plant status and design per capita water consumption ratio of more than 100%, Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Hubei basically reached the design of integrated water Quantity, Guizhou per capita current water consumption is 70.24% of the design level. Conclusions The degree of socio-economic development has a great impact on the water supply rate of rural waterworks and the rate of change of water consumption per capita, suggesting that the planning and design of rural waterworks should promote appropriate scale construction under the premise of local conditions in order to meet the social and economic development in rural areas of China demand.