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抗生素被认为是微生物学的最伟大成就之一,发现它们的故事也是这门学科历史中极有启发性的篇章之一。1874年罗伯茨在英国《皇家学会报》上首次发表了微生物颉颃现象的报道,记载了真菌的生长常常抑制细菌生长的实例。他说:“我反复观察到灰绿青霉生长旺盛的液体会使人工感染细菌困难。”但是,当时这一发现没有引起人们的注意。 1928年,弗莱明在研究葡萄球菌的菌落形态时,偶然发现平板中污染了点青霉的一个菌落。弗莱明对这个平板进行了认真的观察,发现在大的青霉菌落周围葡萄球菌的菌落有溶解迹象。他认为这是微生物颉颃现象的一个有趣的例子,并进一步研究了这一现象。弗莱明在证实了青霉菌对葡萄球菌和其它一些细菌的菌落有溶解作用之后,转向研究青霉
Antibiotics are considered one of the greatest achievements in microbiology and discovering their story is also one of the most illuminating chapters in the history of this discipline. Roberts first published a report of microbial antagonism in the Royal Society in 1874 in 1874, documenting the fact that fungal growth often suppresses bacterial growth. He said: “I have repeatedly observed that the growth of Penicillium glaucum liquid will make it difficult to artificially infect bacteria.” However, this finding was not paid any attention at the time. When Fleming studied the colony morphology of Staphylococcus aureus in 1928, he accidentally spotted one of the colonies contaminated with Penicillium. Fleming had a careful look at the plate and found that colonies of staphylococci around large penicillium colonies showed signs of lysis. He considered this an interesting example of the phenomenon of microbial colonization and further studied this phenomenon. Fleming, after confirming that Penicillium has a lytic effect on the colonies of Staphylococcus aureus and some other bacteria, turns to research on Penicillium