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目的探讨南方某地6~12岁儿童铅暴露对健康损害状况。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,选择某地6~12岁儿童进行问卷调查、健康体检、智力测试、Conners行为测试;采集儿童血、尿样,检测血铅浓度,全血锌原卟啉(ZPP)、尿δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸(ALA)含量及血δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸脱氢酶(ALAD)活性。结果309名儿童血铅浓度几何均值为71.2μg/L,ZPP 0.15μg/g Hb,ALA24.4μg/L,ALAD活性328.9 U。54(17.5%)名儿童血铅≥100μg/L。血铅<100μg/L儿童ZPP与血铅呈负相关(r=-0.240),≥100μg/L儿童ZPP与血铅呈正相关(r=0.403)。ALAD与血铅呈负相关(r=-0.287)。血铅≥100μg/L儿童存在一定行为改变,身高、免疫力及智力水平低于血铅<100μg/L儿童。结论该地儿童的铅暴露使体内相关酶含量、活性改变,且与儿童身高发育、免疫力、智力水平下降及行为改变有关。
Objective To investigate the health effects of lead exposure in children aged 6 ~ 12 in a certain place in the South China. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select the children aged 6 ~ 12 years old to conduct questionnaire survey, physical examination, intelligence test and Conners behavioral test. Blood samples and urine samples were collected, blood lead level, ZPP ), Urinary δ-amino-γ-keto-valerate (ALA) and blood δ-amino-γ-keto-pentanoic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) Results The geometric mean blood lead concentrations of 309 children were 71.2μg / L, 0.15μg / g ZPP, 24.4μg / L ALA and 328.9 U ALAD. 54 (17.5%) children with blood lead≥100μg / L. ZPP in children with blood lead <100μg / L was negatively correlated with blood lead (r = -0.240). There was a positive correlation between ZPP and blood lead in children> 100μg / L (r = 0.403). ALAD was negatively correlated with blood lead (r = -0.287). Children with blood lead> 100μg / L had certain behavior change, with lower height, immunity and intelligence than those with blood lead <100μg / L. Conclusion The lead exposure of children in this area changed the content and activity of related enzymes in the body, and was related to children’s height development, immunity, mental retardation and behavioral changes.