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抗体导向治疗曾大大提高了抗肿瘤药物的选择性，但在临床应用中仍存在许多难题，诸如定位并进入肿瘤的抗体量较少，对正常组织的毒性较大，以及单抗本身或其携带的效应基团因具免疫原性而诱生体内免疫反应等。基因工程技术的进展使人们得以克隆抗体基因并在分子水平上进行重组拼接，从而使新一代单抗具有高选择性、高亲和力、高穿透力及低免疫原性等特征。同时放射生物学的发展提供了更宽的适于肿瘤放射性诊断及治疗的同位素选择范围，加之与抗体偶联的效应基团的不断改进，以单抗为核心的导向诊治肿瘤研究领域再一次展示出新的活力
Antibody-directed treatment has greatly improved the selectivity of antitumor drugs, but there are still many problems in clinical applications, such as the small amount of antibodies localizing and entering the tumor, the toxicity to normal tissues, and the monoclonal antibodies themselves or their carriage. The effector groups induce immunological reactions in vivo because of their immunogenicity. Advances in genetic engineering technology have enabled people to clone antibody genes and recombine them at the molecular level, so that new-generation monoclonal antibodies have high selectivity, high affinity, high penetration, and low immunogenicity. At the same time, the development of radiobiology provides a broader range of isotope selections for radiological diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In addition, continuous improvement of antibody-coupled effector groups has been demonstrated, and the field of targeted diagnosis and treatment of tumors centered on monoclonal antibodies has once again demonstrated. New vitality