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水权是我国学界研究的热点问题,但对其概念的内涵与外延却一直未有定论,这就需要我们回到“水权”概念的源头——美国,对其加以深入考察。根据美国学者和立法实践对于“水权”(water right)的界定,水权是对流淌于天然通道的江河、湖泊、溪流、泉水、地下含水层等公共水体的权利,水权只是指水资源使用权或水使用权(包括水资源使用权和商品水使用权),而不包括水资源所有权或水所有权。这是由美国所具有的法律文化、法律思维、法律理念、法律传统所决定的。
Water right is a hot issue in academic research in our country. However, the connotation and extension of its concept have not been conclusive. This requires that we return to the United States, the source of the concept of “water right”, and examine it in depth. According to the definitions of “water right” by American scholars and legislative practice, the right to water is the right of public water bodies such as rivers, lakes, streams, springs, underground aquifers and so on flowing through natural channels. Water use rights or water use rights (including water use rights and commodity water use rights), excluding water ownership or water ownership. This is determined by the legal cultures, legal thinking, legal concepts and legal traditions that the United States has.