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A two-dimensional numerical irregular wave tank based on the potential wave theory was developed.A source term was used inside the domain to generate waves, and outgoing waves were dissipated by sponge layers and transmitted by radiation boundary.The σ-coordinate transformation was introduced to map the time-dependent irregular physical domain to a fixed regular computational domain, and thus the free surface and bottom boundary conditions could be implemented precisely.The model was verified by simulating the nonlinear regular and irregular wave propagation on constant-depth water, as well as regular waves reflected from a vertical wall, and satisfactory agreement between numerical results and analytical solutions was obtained.The present numerical model is proved to be an effective tool for a long-duration simulation of coastal wave dynamics where the wave reflection is significant.