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甜叶菊Stevia rebaudiana Bettoni为菊科的多年生草本植物,原产南美,是近年从国外引进的一种糖源植物。它的叶中含有6～12％的甜菊糖苷。经测定,其甜度相当于蔗糖的300倍,是目前天然甜味剂中最甜的一种。由于甜叶菊具有高甜度和低热量的特性,国外有把它作为肥胖症、低血糖和高血压患者的非热性甜味剂,对糖尿病患者也有一定疗效。甜叶菊目前在世界上已受到重视,许多国家已有引种。我国也已经在27个省、市自治区里作为新型糖料作物试种成功。由于甜叶菊栽培的历史甚短,目前大量栽培的是未经选育的材料,因此植株间在形态、生长习性和甜菊糖苷的含量等方面差异较大。例如,日本在选种工作中发现,单株间糖苷含量1.22～7.84％,最高可达12.07％。本文的工作为选育良种,提高甜菊精苷的含量提供了必要的细胞学资料。
Stevia rebaudiana Stevia rebaudiana Bettoni is a perennial herb of Compositae, native to South America. It is a sugar source plant introduced from abroad in recent years. Its leaves contain 6 to 12% stevioside. It is determined that its sweetness is equivalent to 300 times of sucrose, which is the sweetest of natural sweeteners. Because of its high sweetness and low calorie content, stevia has been used as a non-thermal sweetener in the treatment of obesity, hypoglycemia and hypertension in foreign countries and has also been shown to be effective in patients with diabetes. Stevia is currently in the world has been valued, many countries have introduced. China has also succeeded in trial planting of new sugar crops in 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Due to the short history of cultivation of stevia, a large number of cultivated is the material without selection, so the plant morphology, growth habits and stevioside content and other aspects vary greatly. For example, in the selection work in Japan, it was found that the content of glycosides per plant was 1.22-7.84%, up to 12.07%. The work in this paper provides the necessary cytological data for breeding elite seeds and increasing the content of stevioside.