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为了解儿童营养不良的相关因素，探索用健康教育干预的方法控制儿童营养不良，为制定改善儿童健康的策略提供科学依据，采用健康教育干预的方法，对福建省经济发展水平不同的两个县的所抽学校的小学生进行行为干预，并对实验组和对照组的近２０００名学生作问卷调查和体检，同时对其家长作调查，以确定干预效果。结果发现干预前小学生及其家长的营养卫生知晓率低下，小学生营养不良率达３６．８％，缺铁性贫血患病率达４２．５％。经过干预，缺铁性贫血患病率下降３．７％，营养不良率下降８．６％。健康教育是改善儿童营养状况的有效手段，应加强对小学生及其家长营养知识教育和行为干预。
In order to understand the related factors of malnutrition in children and to explore ways to control children’s malnutrition by means of health education intervention, to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies to improve children’s health. By means of health education intervention, two counties with different levels of economic development in Fujian Of the school pupils were intervened in behavioral interventions, and the experimental group and control group of nearly 2,000 students for questionnaires and physical examination, while their parents for investigation to determine the effect of intervention. The results showed that before the intervention pupils and their parents nutrition and health awareness is low, the rate of malnutrition of primary school students reached 36.8%, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia reached 42.5%. After intervention, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia decreased by 3.7% and malnutrition rate decreased by 8.6%. Health education is an effective means to improve the nutritional status of children. Nutrition education and behavioral intervention should be strengthened for primary school students and their parents.