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目的了解桂西地区农村育龄妇女孕产期保健知识知晓及需求现状,为进一步改进孕产期保健服务及健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷表,按分层整群抽样法对512例农村育龄妇女进行孕产期保健知识知晓及需求调查。结果桂西地区农村育龄妇女对孕产期保健知识总体知晓率不高,平均为57.21%,除母乳喂养的好处差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.221 9,P>0.05)外,其他保健知识的知晓程度均与其文化程度呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为91.781 8、17.623 5、0.004 5、0.039 0和0.007 0,P<0.05或P<0.01)。另外,临产征兆、孕期异常表现的识别方法还与其年龄、生育史呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为8.128 9、16.636;91.781 8、17.623 5,P<0.05或P<0.01);对孕产期保健知识需求面不广,有部分育龄妇女对孕产期保健知识的需求主要集中在新生儿的护理及常见疾病的预防,对优生优育知识需求仅占20.12%,但也有94.34%的农村育龄妇女对产后抑郁的表现及应对方法有需求。年龄越小,对新生儿常见病的预防、产前检查时间及内容需求越高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为25.309 0、6.2777 7,P<0.05或P<0.01)。随着文化程度升高,对母乳不足怎么办、新生儿常见病的预防,产后抑郁表现及应对方法、如何科学“坐月子”、产前检查时间及内容、优生优育知识需求越高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为8.386 0、9.518 2、11.785 2、20.950 8、9.146 1和9.762 4,P<0.05或P<0.01)。随着孕产次增加,对母乳不足怎么办、新生儿常见病的预防、产前检查时间及内容需求减少、差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为11.187 8、14.128 3和5.336 3,P<0.05或P<0.01)。家庭经济收入越好,对母乳不足怎么办、新生儿常见病的预防、如何科学“坐月子”、产前检查时间及内容、优生优育知识需求越高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为10.179 1、10.765 0、8.588 3、9.983 3和9.229 6,均P<0.05)。家庭居住地距乡卫生院的距离越近,对母乳不足怎么办、新生儿常见病的预防、如何科学“坐月子”、产前检查时间及内容需求越高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为12.920 2、13.377 1、7.906 6和9.574 1,P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论初产妇、年龄小、文化程度低、经济状况差、交通不便、居住偏远的农村育龄期妇女是实施健康教育的重点,需根据不同人群采用不同的健康教育方式来提高农村育龄妇女对孕产期保健的认知水平,从而保障孕产妇及围产儿的健康,减少围产期并发症。
Objective To understand the knowledge and needs of pregnant women of childbearing age in rural Guixi, and to provide reference for further improvement of maternal health care and health education. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and needs of health care during pregnancy and childbirth in 512 rural women of reproductive age by stratified cluster sampling method. Results The overall awareness of women of childbearing age in rural areas in western Guangxi during pregnancy and childbirth was not high, with an average of 57.21%. There were no significant differences in the benefits of breastfeeding (χ ~ 2 = 0.221 9, P> 0.05) The level of awareness of knowledge was positively correlated with the level of education. The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 91.781 8,17.623 5,0.004 5,0.039 0 and 0.007 0 respectively, P <0.05 or P <0.01). In addition, the signs of labor and pregnancy were also positively correlated with their age and fertility history, with significant differences (χ ~ 2 = 8.128 9,16.636; 91.781 8,17.623 5, P <0.05 or P <0.01, respectively) ). The demand for knowledge of maternal health care is not extensive. Some women of childbearing age have a high demand for the knowledge of maternal health care, which mainly focuses on the care of newborns and the prevention of common diseases. The demand for prenatal and postnatal care only accounts for 20.12% of the total. However, 94.34% of women of childbearing age in rural areas have shown the need of postpartum depression and coping strategies. The younger, the prevention of common diseases in neonates, the time of prenatal examination and the content requirements were higher, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 25.309 0,6.2777 7, P <0.05 or P <0.01). With the rise of educational level, how to do to the lack of breast milk, neonatal common disease prevention, postpartum depression performance and coping methods, how scientific “confinement”, prenatal examination time and content, the higher the demand for prenatal and postnatal care knowledge , The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 8.386 0,9.518 2,11.785 2,20.950 8,9.146 1 and 9.762 4, P <0.05 or P <0.01). With the increase of motherhood, how to deal with the lack of breast milk, prevention of neonatal common diseases, prenatal examination time and content requirements decreased, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 11.187 8,14.128 3 and 5.336 3, P <0.05 or P <0.01). The better the family income, the less breastfeeding, prevention of common diseases in newborns, how to scientifically “confinement”, the time and content of prenatal examination, the higher the knowledge needs of prenatal and postnatal care, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 10.179 1,10.765 0,8.588 3,9.983 3 and 9.229 6, all P <0.05). Family living distance from the township hospitals closer, how to do on the lack of breast milk, neonatal prevention of common diseases, how science “confinement ”, the time of prenatal examination and content needs higher, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 12.920 2,13.377 1,7.906 6 and 9.574 1 respectively, P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusions Early-onset women, young age, poor education, poor economy, poor transportation and remote living women in rural areas are the key points of implementing health education. Different types of health education should be adopted according to different groups of people to improve the reproductive age Term health awareness, thus protecting the health of pregnant women and perinatal children, reduce perinatal complications.