论文部分内容阅读
一、经济特区现行外贸体制亟待进一步改革创新 从全国及经济特区经济体制改革的经验看,在经济体制转轨过程中,外贸体制的转轨既是整个经济体制转轨的重要组成部分,也是整个体制转轨的先导。目前,经济特区的经济外向程度极高,外贸体制的转变与外向型经济的发展程度直接影响着整个经济体制的转变及经济发展的进程。由于国家给予优惠政策、特区自身积极探索外贸新体制、企业的积极努力等原因,80年代经济特区的对外贸易飞速发展:80年代5个经济特区的进出口总额年平均增长速度高达33％,其中出口增速为23％、进口增速近40％。而同期我国进出口总额的平均增长速度是13.19％,其中出口12.93％、进口14.2％。但是,进入90年代以来,经济特区外贸发展明显后劲不足,表现为一方面增幅趋缓。1990～1997年5个经济特区进出口总额的平均增长速度为13％左右,明显低于全国的16.75％,远远更低于80年代期间的增长水平。另一方面,进出口贸易效益差,亏损企业增多。1990年以前厦门外贸企业尚无出现亏损企业,到1997年则有近一半外贸企业严重亏损。
I. The Current Foreign Trade System in the SEZs Urgently to Further Reform and Innovation From the experience of the economic system reform in the entire country and in the SEZs, during the transition of the economic system, the transition of the foreign trade system is not only an important part of the entire economic system transition but also the precursor to the entire system transition . At present, the SEZs have a very high degree of economic export orientation. The transformation of the foreign trade system and the development of the export-oriented economy directly affect the transformation of the entire economic system and the process of economic development. In the 1980s, the rapid growth of foreign trade in the special economic zones in the 1980s led to an average annual growth rate of 33% in the total volume of imports and exports in the five special economic zones in the 1980s, due to favorable policies promulgated by the State, the SEZs actively exploring new systems of foreign trade and the positive efforts of enterprises. Export growth was 23% and import growth nearly 40%. Meanwhile, the average growth rate of China’s total import and export volume was 13.19%, of which 12.93% were exported and 14.2% were imported. However, since the 1990s, the obvious weakness in the development of the foreign trade in the special economic zones has been reflected by the slowdown of growth on the one hand. The average growth rate of the total import and export volume of the five special economic zones from 1990 to 1997 was about 13%, significantly lower than the national average of 16.75%, much lower than the growth rate during the 1980s. On the other hand, the efficiency of import and export trade is poor, and the number of loss-making enterprises has increased. Before 1990, there were no loss-making enterprises in Xiamen’s foreign trade enterprises. By 1997, nearly half of the foreign trade enterprises suffered serious losses.