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法兰克福学派创始人霍克海默的批判理论是阿多诺否定的辩证法出现的前奏,阿多诺否定的辩证法的出现又成为了法兰克福学派批判理论的核心内容。法国学者戈尔德曼曾认为法兰克福学派创立了一个共同的观点便是否定的辩证法。但这并不等同于否定的辩证法成为法兰克福学派社会批判理论的全部内容,它还包括马尔库塞及其哈贝马斯等法兰克福学派其他成员的观点。批判理论源于霍克海默对传统理论的拒斥,这集中体现在对传统形而上学理论及其实证主义的批判之上。从霍克海默思想发展的逻辑来看,对实证主义的批判是转向对启蒙理性批判的趋势,对启蒙理性的批判是阿多诺否定的辩证法出现的必然基础。
The critical theory of the founder of Frankfurt School, Horkheimer, is the prelude of Adorno’s negation of dialectics. Adorno’s denial of dialectics has also become the core of the Frankfurt School’s critical theory. Goldman, a French scholar, once considered the Frankfurt School founded a common view that it is negative dialectics. However, this is not the same as the negative dialectics becoming the entire content of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. It also includes the views of other members of the Frankfurt school such as Marcuse and Habermas. Critical theory stems from Horkheimer’s rejection of traditional theory, which is embodied in the critique of traditional metaphysics and its positivism. Judging from the logic of the development of Horkheimer’s thought, the criticism of positivism turns to the tendency of criticizing enlightenment rationality, and the critique of enlightenment rationality is the inevitable basis for the advent of Adorno’s dialectics.