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层层自组装技术能够方便地对膜的微观结构和组成进行调控,已在制备复合型纳滤膜方面取得了迅速的发展。本文综述了近年来用于聚电解质层层自组装纳滤膜的制备方法、种类以及影响因素。介绍了静态层层交替沉积、压力驱动自组装和电场强化自组装等3种制备方法;归纳了均聚型、共聚型和有机/无机杂化型等3类用于层层自组装纳滤膜的聚电解质的特点;讨论了聚电解质的荷电性、电荷密度和电离程度等因素对其自组装膜分离性能的影响。总结了聚电解质自组装纳滤膜在水处理和有机溶剂中物质的分离等方面的应用。同时,对提高聚电解质自组装纳滤膜的组装效率、分离性能和发展方向提出了设想和建议。
Layer-by-layer self-assembly technology can easily regulate the microstructure and composition of the membrane, and has made rapid development in the preparation of composite nanofiltration membrane. In this paper, the preparation methods, types and influential factors of self-assembled nanofiltration membrane for polyelectrolyte layer are reviewed in recent years. Three kinds of preparation methods such as alternate deposition of static layer, self-assembly of pressure-driven and self-assembly of electric field were introduced. Three kinds of preparation methods, ie, homopolymer, copolymerization and organic / inorganic hybrid, The characteristics of polyelectrolytes were discussed. The effects of charge, charge density and degree of ionization on the separation performance of self-assembled membranes were discussed. The application of polyelectrolyte self-assembled nanofiltration membrane in water treatment and material separation in organic solvents was summarized. At the same time, the ideas and suggestions for improving the assembly efficiency, separation performance and development direction of polyelectrolyte self-assembled nanofiltration membrane are put forward.