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“陌生化”是俄国形式主义学派提出来的一个重要的文学理论概念,与“陌生化”相对应的另一概念是“自动化”。 在文学作品中,很多描绘性的语言因为经常使用,人们过分熟悉,不再是一种感性的具体,以至于概念化了。如形容美女有“闭月羞花”这个当初很传神的词,但因为用的人多了,我们今天在读武侠、传奇小说中看到这类的描写时不仅不动心反觉味同嚼蜡。俄国形式主义学派称语言的这种落入俗套,过于概念化的现象为“自动化”。而要克服语言“自动化”的弊端,使词语重新恢复活力,成为吸引读者注意的磁石,那么作品里的语言材料就必须“扭曲变形”,这就是“陌生化”。形式学派的大师什克洛夫斯基曾打过一个非常恰当的比方:比如步行,由于我们每天都走来走去,成为一种习惯——自动化,所以我们不再注意到它,但当我们跳舞时,有意识的步行姿态,就会给人以新鲜之感,重新唤起我们的注意。
“Defamiliarization” is an important concept of literary theory put forward by the Russian formalism school. Another concept corresponding to “defamiliarization” is “automation.” In literary works, many of the portrayal languages are overused because they are often used, and they are no longer sensual specificities so that they are conceptualized. As described in the beauty of the beautiful woman, “Shameful Shame Flower” was originally very vivid words, but because of the use of more people, and today we read martial arts, legendary novels to see this description is not only do not tempted to counterattack. The Russian Formalist School calls this kind of linguistic fall into the stereotype, the phenomenon of over-conceptualization is “automated.” To overcome the drawbacks of “automation” of language and to revitalize words and become magnets to attract readers’ attention, the language materials in the works must be “distorted and deformed.” This is “defamiliarization.” Shketovsky, the master of formalism, once played a very appropriate analogy: walking, for example, because we are walking around every day and becoming a habit - automation, so we no longer notice it, but when we Dancing, conscious walking gesture, it will give a fresh feeling, to rekindle our attention.