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中国古代的均田制是对特殊时期人地比例关系失衡的一种反应,它主要解决人少地多的问题。现代家庭联产承包经营制度下的土地均分,也是对特定历史条件的一种积极响应,这种改革模式的选择主要是要减少政治阻力、减小经济交易成本,以求适合中国国情,但它的长期实施带来了一系列问题,主要表现为加剧了土地细碎化程度、削弱了农业持续发展能力、制约了城市化发展进程。均田制的未来改革应坚持产权改革的方向,按照制度演化规律,借鉴国内外成功经验,遵循先试点后推广的改革程序。
The ancient land leveling system in China was a response to the imbalance of man-land ratio in special times. It mainly solved the problem of small population. The equalization of land under the modern household contract management system is also a positive response to specific historical conditions. The choice of this mode of reform is mainly to reduce political resistance and reduce the cost of economic transactions so as to be suitable for China’s national conditions. However, Its long-term implementation has brought a series of problems, mainly manifested in aggravating the degree of land fragmentation, weakening the capacity of agricultural sustainable development and restricting the process of urbanization. The future reform of the land leveling system should insist on the direction of property rights reform. According to the law of system evolution, learn from the successful experiences both at home and abroad, and follow the reform procedure that was first piloted and promoted.