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自1872—1876年间英国《挑战者》号调查船从大洋底打捞到铁锰结核之后,美国、西德、法国、日本、苏联、加拿大、比利时、荷兰、挪威、瑞典、新西兰等国出于对后备资源的关切,也先后对各大洋的铁锰结核进行了调查研究.与此同时,许多外国学者对铁锰结核的形态、内部特征、矿物和化学成分及其成因等进行了详细的研究.1978—1979年间我国首次由《向阳红09》号调查船从中太平洋西部海底打捞到部分锰结核样品,并由国家海洋局第一海洋研究所进行了研究.笔者自1981年以来,先后收集到六个不同产地的八个铁锰结核样品.它们分别采自太平洋、大西洋、冲绳海槽、日本陆地第四纪沉积物中和我国胶县与峻山县第四纪沉积物中.为了对这些不同产地的结核进行比较,以及进一步探索它们的形成机制,运用光片、薄片鉴定,化学分析、差热分析,红外光谱分析和电子探针分析等方法进行研究.
The United States, West Germany, France, Japan, the Soviet Union, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, New Zealand and other countries since the discovery of the British “Challenger” survey vessel from the ocean floor to the Fe-Mn nodules between 1872 and 1876 Reserve resources, and also investigated and studied the iron-manganese nodules in various oceans successively.Many foreign scholars also studied the morphology, internal features, minerals and chemical compositions of ferromanganese nodules and their causes in detail. From 1978 to 1979, for the first time, China has retrieved some manganese nodules from the seabed of the western part of the Pacific Ocean by the survey ship “Xiangyang Hong 09” and conducted research by the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration. Since 1981, Eight samples of ferromanganese nodules of different origins, collected from the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Okinawa Trough, the Quaternary sediments of Japan, and the Quaternary sediments of Juxian and Junxian counties, respectively. Comparison of tuberculosis origin, and to further explore their formation mechanism, the use of light film, sheet identification, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and electricity Method probe analysis were studied.