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急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）是临床常见急症,其病因繁多,不同时期的病因组成也不相同。十多年前,感染为其首要的致病因素,但近十年来,肾毒性物质已上升至首位,肾毒性抗生素便是最常见的肾毒性物质之一。正确认识抗生素所致ARF的特点及防治措施具有重要临床意义。 抗生素所致ARF,根据其不同的病理特点可分为急性肾小管坏死（ATN）和急性间质性肾炎（AIN）。前者更为常见。抗生素致ATN的主要损伤形式有以下几方面:（1）激活降解过程,主要是磷脂酶、溶酶体酶的消化作用;（2）产生毒性代谢产物,包括自由基,脂肪酸等;
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common clinical emergency, its causes are numerous, different etiology of the composition is not the same. More than a decade ago, infection was its primary risk factor. However, nephrotoxic drugs have risen to the top in the past decade. Nephrotoxic antibiotics are one of the most common nephrotoxic substances. Correct understanding of the characteristics of ARF caused by antibiotics and prevention and treatment has important clinical significance. Antibiotics ARF, according to their different pathological features can be divided into acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). The former is more common. The main forms of ATN damage caused by antibiotics include the following aspects: (1) activation of the degradation process, mainly the digestion of phospholipase and lysosomal enzymes; (2) generation of toxic metabolites, including free radicals and fatty acids;