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Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pre- and post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), and correlations between prognosis factors and serum HIF-lα as well as VEGF levels.Methods Forty consecutive patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for PLC undergoing TACE from March 2008 to May 2009 were enrolled into the study. The serum HIF-let and VEGF levels of PLC patients pre- and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month post-TACE were analyzed using ELISA, and compared with that of 20 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into complete response (CR) and partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD) groups according to the therapeutic efficacy. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between different clinical variables and serum HIF-let and VEGF levels before TACE, and correlation between serum HIF-1α and VEGF levels was also evaluated.Results The expression levels of serum HIF-1α and VEGF in PLC patients were 154.94±83.29 and 264.00±148.10 pg/mL pre-TACE, and both of them were significantly higher than those in control group (23.84±8.15 and 69.78±21.42 pg/mL, all P