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西方发达国家的社会医疗保障制度最有代表性的有3种形式:一种是英国、瑞典等国实施的国民卫生服务制度;一种是德国、法国等国家实施的是社会保险制度;还有一种就是美国实施多元的非组织化的医疗保险管理制度。上述3种医疗保障制度方式其目的虽然都旨在保障国民健康,免于伤病威胁,但是存在的问题也不少。主要问题是卫生服务的僵化、医疗费用的大幅度上涨、仍有部分国民没有或基本没有享受到全民医疗保险服务的权利。要把社会医疗保障服务真正扩大到全民,仍是今后努力的方向和探讨的重要课题。
The most representative social medical security systems in Western developed countries are in three forms: one is the national health service system implemented by countries such as the United Kingdom and Sweden; the other is that Germany, France and other countries implement the social insurance system; This is the kind of unorganized medical insurance management system implemented by the United States. Although the purpose of the above three types of medical security system is to protect the health of the people and avoid the threat of injury, there are also many problems. The main problems are the rigidity of health services, the drastic increase in medical expenses, and the fact that some citizens still do not have, or basically do not have, the right to universal health insurance services. The real expansion of social medical security services to all citizens is still an important issue in the direction of future efforts.