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有关语言的形式与功能孰重孰轻的争论,在西方语言学界先有乔姆斯基典型的极端形式主义,后有韩礼德为代表的功能主义的反拨矫正。从哲学的观点来看,不难发现二者之间程度不同的相互渗透和吸取,原因在于语言本身乃是形式与功能有机统一的复杂系统。形式不但需要通过功能去解释说明,而且要对功能概括并约束,反过来功能对形式也起着决定性作用。只有理清两者间的辩证关系,才能科学合理地把握语言的本质。
The controversy over which forms and functions of languages are more important than others is that Western language scholarship first followed Chomsky’s typical extreme formalism and later Halliday’s functionalist backsliding correction. From a philosophical point of view, it is not difficult to find that there is a degree of mutual infiltration and absorption between the two because the language itself is a complex system of organic unity of form and function. Forms not only need to explain the function through the function, but also to summarize and constrain the function, in turn, function also plays a decisive role on the form. Only by clarifying the dialectical relationship between the two can we grasp the essence of language scientifically and reasonably.