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【目的】在晚稻-油菜套种模式下,稻茬高度对套种油菜田土壤蓄水保墒、套种油菜出苗及生长发育均具有重要影响。本研究旨在探求适宜套播油菜出苗、生长发育及高产的晚稻机收留茬高度,为实现农艺、农机高效有机结合提供参考。【方法】试验于2014—2016年在江西省南昌市进贤县江西省红壤研究所进行,以丰油730为试验材料,在大田条件下设4个稻茬高度(20、30、40、50 cm)。通过测定套播油菜成苗率、成株率、越冬期和盛花期农艺性状、叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、产量及构成因素,比较分析晚稻不同留茬高度对套播油菜生长发育、产量的影响。【结果】(1)在20—50 cm范围内,留茬高度增加有利于提高套播油菜出苗期密度,且成苗率和成株率随着留茬高度增加先增加后下降,以留茬40 cm处理最大,成熟期密度也相对较大。与留茬20 cm、30 cm处理相比,留茬40 cm处理成苗率和成株率分别提高了13.73%、7.09%和13.18%、7.23%,与留茬50 cm处理差异不大;(2)留茬高度显著影响套播油菜生长发育。油菜总叶数、绿叶数、最大叶宽、根颈粗、单株干重等个体指标及顶部3片全展叶叶绿素含量和根系活力随留茬高度增加而下降,最大叶长随留茬高度增加而增加,叶面积指数和群体干重等群体指标随着留茬高度增加先增加后下降;(3)套播油菜单株产量随着留茬高度增加而下降,单位面积产量随着留茬高度增加先增加后下降,以留茬高度40 cm产量最高;相比产量最低的留茬20 cm处理,增产18.92%,增产效果显著。留茬高度与套播油菜成熟期的一次分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、千粒重、单株干重、单株产量等产量相关性状关系密切,均达到极显著或显著负相关。【结论】留茬过低,成苗率和成株率低,尽管个体生长发育较好,但成熟期密度不足不利于高产群体构建;留茬过高,成苗率和成株率显著提高,但个体生长发育偏弱,不能发挥群体生长优势,最终影响产量形成。在4个稻茬高度下,留茬高度以40 cm为宜,套播油菜群体生长和产量表现优势明显。
【Objective】 In late rice-rape intercropping system, the height of rice stubble has an important influence on water storage and soil conservation of intercropped rape fields, seedling emergence and growth of ramets intercropping. The aim of this study is to find out the suitable stubble height for late rice cropping, growth and development and high yield of rapeseed, so as to provide a reference for the efficient and organic combination of agronomy and farm machinery. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out in Jinzong Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province in 2014-2016. Taking Feng 730 as test material, four rice stubble heights (20, 30, 40, 50 cm). The effects of different stubble height on the growth and yield of rapeseed (Oryza sativa L.) were compared by measuring the seedling rate, the adult plant rate, the winter agronomic and florescence agronomic traits, leaf chlorophyll content, root activity, yield and composition factors . 【Result】 (1) In the range of 20-50 cm, the increase of stubble height was beneficial to increase the seedling density of rapeseed. The seedling rate and adult plant rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of stubble height, 40 cm maximum processing, mature density is relatively large. Compared with the 20 cm and 30 cm stubble treatments, the 40 cm stubble stubble plantation rate and adult plant rate increased by 13.73%, 7.09%, 13.18% and 7.23%, respectively, compared with the 50 cm stubble treatment. 2) stubble height significantly affected the growth and development of interplanting rape. Individual indexes such as total leaf number, green leaf number, maximum leaf width, root neck coarseness and dry weight per plant and the chlorophyll content and root vigor of the top three leaves decreased with the increase of stubble height. The maximum leaf length varied with stubble height (3) The yield per plant of rapeseed decreased with the increase of stubble height, and the yield per unit area increased with stubble stubble increase with the increase of stubble height. The height increased first and then decreased to the highest stubble height of 40 cm. Compared with the lowest stubble yield of 20 cm, the yield increased 18.92% and the yield increase was remarkable. The stubble height was closely related to the yield-related traits such as the number of primary branches, the number of pods per plant, the number of main pods, the weight of 1000-kernels, the dry weight per plant, Negative correlation. 【Conclusion】 Low stubble, seedling rate and adult plant rate were low, although the individual growth and development were good, but the lack of density at maturity was not conducive to the construction of high-yield population; stubble too high, seedling rate and adult rate increased significantly, However, individual growth and development is weak, can not play a dominant role in population growth, and ultimately affect the yield formation. In the four rice stubble height, stubble height to 40 cm is appropriate, set-sowing rape population growth and yield performance obvious advantages.