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具有广谱抗菌能力的抗菌肽为解决日益紧迫的细菌耐药性问题提供了一种新途径,而有限的天然资源以及高昂的提取纯化成本使天然抗菌肽无法满足临床应用。从抗菌肽结构上的两个共性——两亲性与电正性出发,设计合成具有抗菌作用的高分子聚合物可望解决这个难题。近十多年来,陆续合成了芳酰胺低聚物、亚苯基次乙炔基衍生物、甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚降冰片烯衍生物以及尼龙-3类聚合物等各类表面呈两亲的聚合物。本文概述了这些聚合物的结构、抗菌活性和选择性,并介绍分子量大小、疏水基团的极性和比例、正电荷密度等因素对抗菌活性和选择性的影响。
Antibacterial peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial ability provide a new way to solve the increasingly urgent problem of bacterial resistance. However, limited natural resources and high extraction and purification costs make natural antibacterial peptides unsuitable for clinical application. Starting from the two generalities of antimicrobial peptide structure - amphipathicity and electronegativity, it is expected to solve this problem by designing and synthesizing a polymer with antibacterial activity. In recent ten years, we have successively synthesized aromatic polyamide oligomers, phenylene ethynylene derivatives, methacrylate polymers, polynorbornene derivatives and nylon-3 polymers, Pro-polymer. This review summarizes the structures, antibacterial activities and selectivities of these polymers. The effects of molecular weight, hydrophobic group polarity and ratio, positive charge density on the antibacterial activity and selectivity are also reviewed.