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[目的]了解煤矿掘砌工人肺通气功能损伤情况,探讨接尘工龄对肺功能的影响。[方法]选取某煤矿纯掘砌工(纯掘砌作业工人)221名作为接尘组,选取该矿83名非接尘工人作为对照。行统一的体检和肺功能测定。测定结果均采用相对值,运用卡方检验、协方差分析进行统计学处理。[结果]接尘组非吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率与对照组差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),而接尘组吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Mantel-Haenszelχ2分析显示接尘组肺通气功能异常率高与对照组(P<0.05)。以吸烟作为协变量,协方差分析结果显示,接尘组的用力肺活量、第一秒用力呼出量、呼气高峰流量、用力肺活量最大值、第一秒用力呼出量最大值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。以吸烟为协变量,协方差分析结果显示,接尘组30年~工龄组呼气高峰流量和25%肺活量最大呼气流量明显低于10年~工龄组和20年~工龄组。以吸烟为分层因素,接尘组与对照组以及接尘组不同工龄间慢性阻塞性肺疾患患者分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]掘砌作业工人肺通气功能明显低于对照组并随接尘工龄延长而降低。肺通气功能检测可以作为监测接尘作业工人肺部损失的指标。
[Objective] To understand the damage of lung ventilation function of digging workers in coal mines and explore the influence of the service life of dust on lung function. [Method] 221 pure mine digging workers (pure digging workers) in a coal mine were selected as the dust collection group, and 83 non-dust exposed workers in this mine were selected as the control. Conduct a unified physical examination and lung function tests. The measurement results were used relative value, the use of chi-square test, covariance analysis for statistical analysis. [Results] There was no significant difference in the rate of pulmonary function abnormalities between non-smoking workers and control group (P> 0.05), while the incidence of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in smoking workers was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Mantel-Haenszelχ2 analysis showed that the incidence of lung ventilation in the dust-exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). Taking smoking as a covariate, the results of covariance analysis showed that the maximal forced expiratory volume, the first second forced expiratory volume, the peak expiratory flow and forced vital capacity, the maximum expiratory volume in the first second were significantly lower than those in the control group P <0.05). Taking smoking as covariate, covariance analysis showed that peak expiratory flow and maximum expiratory flow of 25% of vital capacity in the lead-exposed group from 30 years to the age group were significantly lower than those of the 10-year-long-term group and 20-year long-term group. Smoking as a stratification factor, there was no significant difference in the distribution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients of different working-age groups between the dust-receiving group and the control group and the dust-receiving group (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] The pneumoconiosis function of digging workers was obviously lower than that of the control group and decreased with the extension of the service life of dust. Pulmonary ventilation can be used as an indicator of lung loss in workers exposed to dust.