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贵州省是中国稻种资源遗传多样性最高的地区之一,类型复杂多样,蕴含丰富的遗传变异,因此,研究贵州稻种资源的遗传结构和遗传多样性对中国栽培稻起源、演化和分类有重要意义.本研究通过32个表型性状和36个微卫星位点对贵州省537份栽培稻进行分析,结果表明,利用分子标记所做基于模型和基于遗传距离的遗传结构表现一致,将贵州省栽培稻划分为籼稻、粳稻和中间型3大类群.遗传结构分析显示,所划分的籼、粳类群中的材料与前人通过表型判别的籼粳存在一定差异,在粳稻类群中混有的表型性状判定为籼稻的材料数明显多于在籼稻类群中表型性状判定为粳稻的材料数.在籼、粳亚种内的遗传结构并不像前人所提出的均分为不同气候生态群和土壤水分生态型,而是籼稻类群内以中偏早、中偏晚类群的气候生态型为主;粳稻类群内以水、陆稻类群的土壤水分生态型为主.贵州省栽培稻在形态和微卫星标记水平均检测出丰富的遗传变异,黔西南自治州的遗传多样性最高,且资源数量最多、类型复杂,是贵州省栽培稻的遗传多样性中心.
Guizhou Province is one of the regions with the highest genetic diversity of rice resources in China. Its types are complex and diverse and contain rich genetic variations. Therefore, the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Guizhou rice cultivars are of great importance to the origin, evolution and classification of cultivated rice in China It is of great significance to analyze 537 cultivated rice cultivars in Guizhou Province through 32 phenotypic traits and 36 microsatellite loci.The results showed that the genetic structure based on the model and genetic distance based on molecular markers was consistent with that of Guizhou Provincial cultivated rice is divided into indica rice, japonica rice and intermediate type three groups.Genetic structure analysis showed that the indica and japonica group of the material divided by the phenotype of the predecessors and there is a certain difference in indica japonica, japonica rice in the mixed The number of indica rice was more than that in indica rice.The phenotypic traits in indica rice were determined as the number of japonica rice.The genetic structure in indica and japonica subspecies was not divided into different climates Ecological groups and soil water ecotypes, but the climatic ecotypes of late-mid-late and middle-late group within the indica rice population are dominant. In the japonica rice population, the soil moisture Guizhou Province has abundant genetic variation in morphology and microsatellite markers. Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture has the highest genetic diversity with the largest number of resources and complex types, which is the genetic diversity of cultivated rice in Guizhou Province center.