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目的了解四川省血吸虫病流行趋势和疫情变化规律,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供参考依据。方法按照平坝、丘陵、山区3种山丘亚型,选择15个血吸虫病监测点进行纵向观察。2010-2014年每年在监测点开展人畜病情、螺情和相关因素调查,比较逐年血吸虫病疫情指标变化趋势。结果 2010-2014年15个监测点监测点人群血吸虫抗体阳性率从9.34%下降至5.43%,人群血吸虫感染率由0.13%下降至0。钉螺面积从59.34hm2下降到12.53 hm2,下降率为78.89%,无新发现有螺面积,活螺密度从0.19只/框下降到0.10只/框,未发现感染性钉螺。钉螺主要分布在沟渠和稻田等环境。家畜传染源仍以耕牛为主,监测数量在117~325只之间,4年来耕牛血吸虫病感染率为0。结论四川省血吸虫病疫情总体上已趋于低度流行状态,应加强健康教育工作,建立敏感高效的预警监测体系,及时发现疫情,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。
Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province, and to provide reference for the development of schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods According to the three subtypes of Pingba, hilly and mountainous areas, 15 schistosomiasis monitoring points were selected for longitudinal observation. From 2010 to 2014, we conducted a survey of human and animal diseases, snails and related factors at monitoring points annually, and compared the trend of annual epidemic situation of schistosomiasis. Results The positive rate of schistosoma japonicum antibody in the monitoring points from 2010 to 2014 decreased from 9.34% to 5.43%, and the infection rate of schistosoma in the population decreased from 0.13% to 0. Snail area decreased from 59.34hm2 to 12.53 hm2, the rate of decline was 78.89%. No new snail area was found, and the live snail density decreased from 0.19 to 0.10 / box. Infectious snails were not found. Snails are mainly distributed in ditches and rice fields and other environments. Cattle-based livestock sources still dominated, the number of monitoring between 117 to 325, four years of cattle schistosomiasis infection rate of 0. Conclusion The overall epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province has tended to be low prevalence. Health education should be strengthened to establish a sensitive and efficient early warning and monitoring system to detect outbreaks in time and prevent the rise of schistosomiasis.