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日本和韩国推进贸易自由化之际,都面临着相同的绊脚石——农业开放问题。实践表明,日本的FTA进程落后于韩国。基于农业保护的政治经济学分析方法的研究认为,日本的出口依存度低于韩国且没有韩国式FTA农业补救措施导致其推进FTA的边际收益低于韩国;另一方面,日本农民选票的重要性、农民组织集体行动的有效性以及代表农民利益的议员的影响力明显高于韩国,而推进FTA的行政效率和农产品关税水平显著低于韩国,这些因素导致日本推进FTA的边际成本远高于韩国。“日韩的FTA政策最优政治均衡点比较”模型显示,日本和韩国推进FTA的边际收益曲线和边际成本曲线的位置不同,日本的FTA政策最优均衡点位于韩国的左侧,即FTA进程比韩国慢、农业开放程度比韩国低。
As Japan and South Korea promote trade liberalization, they all face the same stumbling block - the issue of agricultural liberalization. Practice shows that Japan’s FTA process lags behind that of South Korea. Based on the analysis of political economy in agriculture protection, Japan’s export dependence is lower than that of South Korea and there is no South Korean FTA agricultural remedy that led to a lower marginal benefit of FTA than that of South Korea. On the other hand, the importance of Japanese farmers’ votes The effectiveness of collective actions of peasant organizations and the influence of parliamentarians representing peasants’ interests are significantly higher than that of South Korea, while the administrative efficiency of promoting FTA and the tariff level of agricultural products are significantly lower than those of South Korea. These factors lead Japan to push FTA marginal costs far higher than those of South Korea . “Japan and South Korea FTA optimal political balance point ” model shows that Japan and South Korea to promote the FTA’s marginal revenue curve and the marginal cost curve of different positions, Japan’s FTA policy optimal equilibrium point is located in South Korea’s left, that is The FTA process is slower than South Korea and the degree of agricultural liberalization is lower than that of South Korea.