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目的分析2008—2014年扬中市渔民血吸虫病疫情监测结果,为血吸虫病防控提供依据。方法钉螺监测,每年采用系统抽样结合环境抽样的方法对全市沿江渔民集散地采集钉螺,压碎镜检法解剖;病情监测,每年对全市沿江渔民集散地的所有渔民进行血清学和病原学查病。采用胶体染料法进行血清学筛查,采集血清学阳性者粪便进行粪孵检查:防治措施的落实,对查出的有螺环境采用药物喷洒灭螺,对血清学和病原学阳性者采用吡喹酮治疗,发放宣传单、防护油膏,设立警示牌、张贴宣传标语等进行宣传教育。结果 2008—2014年调查总框数18 244框,查出活螺框6 515框,活螺框出现率35.71%(6 515/18 244),捕获活螺19 255只,活螺平均密度分别为1.89、1.33、1.57、0.55、1.42、0.97、0.52只/0.1 m~2,检获感染性钉螺19只,仅2008年和2009年发现感染性性钉螺。2008—2014年血清学阳性率分别为5.45%、7.27%、4.10%、4.46%、3.70%、4.20%、2.61%,病原学检查36人,未发现阳性。2008—2014年共杀灭钉螺766.63 ha(1 ha=10 000 m~2),累计治疗血清学检查阳性者36人次,发放宣传材料1 686份、防护油膏2 632支、宣传实物1 272份,设立警示牌1 77块、血防宣讲182次。结论扬中市渔民血吸虫病防治效果很好,但极需加强集散地螺情环境的综合治理,探索适合本地渔民防治的新举措。
Objective To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis among fishermen in Yangzhong City from 2008 to 2014 so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods Oncomelania snail monitoring was carried out every year. Sampling snails and crush microscopy were used to dissect the specimens collected from the riverside fishermen along the river every year. The disease surveillance was carried out. Serum and etiological examination were conducted on all fishermen all over the city along the river. Colloidal dye method for serological screening, serological positive fecal collection stool inspection: the implementation of prevention and control measures, the snail environment was detected by drug spraying molluscicides, serological and etiological positive with praziquine Ketone treatment, distribution of leaflets, protective ointment, the establishment of warning signs, posters and other posters to carry out publicity and education. Results A total of 18 244 boxes were obtained from 2008 to 2014. Incidence of 6,515 boxes of live screws, 35.71% (6 515/18 244) of live screws and 19 255 live snails were captured. Average density of live snails were 1.89,1.33,1.57,0.55,1.42,0.97,0.52 only /0.1 m ~ 2, seized 19 infectious snails, only in 2008 and 2009 found infectious snails. The serological positive rates in 2008-2014 were 5.45%, 7.27%, 4.10%, 4.46%, 3.70%, 4.20%, 2.61% respectively. Thirty-six patients were etiologically examined and no positive results were found. A total of 766.63 ha (1 ha = 10 000 m ~ 2) of snails were killed during 2008-2014. 36 cumulative positive serological tests were conducted, 1 686 publicity materials were distributed, 2 632 protective ointments were proclaimed, 1 272 in-kind , Set up a warning plate 1 77, blood defensive preaching 182 times. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis among fishermen in Yangzhong is very effective. However, it is very necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of the snail environment at the distribution center and explore new measures suitable for the prevention and control of local fishermen.