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The tomb of Bai,Lord of the State of Zhongli,located in Shuangdun Village,Bengbu City,Anhui,was excavated by the Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Bengbu Museum from December 2006 through August 2008.This tomb was a largescale vertical earthen shaft pit tomb with a tumulus at ground level;the grave was in a circular plan with a ringshaped ledge of primary soil 2m below the opening.The tomb passageway was situated to the precise east of the grave.In the tumulus and the tomb fill,five-colored soil,a buffer layer of white clay,radial lines,earthen hillocks,and clay figurine walls were recovered,and the tomb chamber was cross-shaped.The structure was original and the remains were complex;the grave goods were very rich,with over 500 items recovered,including bronze bells,ding-tripods,fu-food vessels,yan-steamers,dou-stemmed bowls,he-pitchers,lei-wine jars,arrowheads,ge-dagger axes,fi-halberds,swords,horse bits,chariot hubcaps,painted pottery jars,hard pottery jars with impressed patts,music stones,jade aments,and a large amount of lacquered wooden objects.Of particular note,the tomb yielded more than 2000 earthen figurines.Bronze inscriptions mentioning Zhongli Jun Bai (’Bai,Lord of Zhongli’) show that this tomb was a royal mausoleum of the Zhongli State during the Spring-and-Autumn Period.This tomb is the first discovery of physical materials that prove the historic fact of the existence of the ancient Zhongli State recorded in the historical literature.The unique circular structure of the grave,and the cultural remains with profound and mysterious connotations,embodied the attitudes of people thousands of years ago towards Heaven,Earth,and human beings and can be seen as epitomizing human society in a real sense.This tomb was an innovation in the history of burial design.It initiated a new burial custom of the Zhongli State,fished new topics of research for mortuary archaeology,and expanded the perspective.It has also provided valuable materials for the exploration of now-vanished ancient burial customs and cultures;thus its discovery has important value and significance for historical research.