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就能源使用和碳足迹来说,炼铁和炼钢这类初级加工过程往往引起人们的极大关注。而轧制工序,虽然对能源需求很大,但钢铁企业在考虑自身的环境责任和节能机会时,却往往会将其忽略。初级加工过程相比于成品加工过程,能耗高,而且具有重要的影响。绿色轧制的关键主要在于收得率(和避免废品重熔),它就像能源的直接利用一样重要。以意大利阿维迪的全无头带钢生产(ESP)厂的设计和调试项目为案例,介绍现代化轧机如何为绿色钢铁工业做贡献。技术的有关特点包括近终形连铸和直接轧制及取消中间加热所带来的节能效果,传动和能量转换技术的进步,通过收得率最大化而实现节能的方案。还介绍了一些以绿色轧制为宗旨的重要的合作,包括与大学的合作,特别是剑桥大学的WellMet2050项目。作为结论,归纳了一般工业中使用钢铁的绿色原则,为设计打开重要思路。
In the area of energy use and carbon footprint, primary processing such as ironmaking and steelmaking often draws great attention. The rolling process, although a great demand for energy, but the iron and steel enterprises consider their own environmental responsibility and energy saving opportunities, they tend to ignore it. The primary process is more energy intensive and has a significant impact than the finished product process. The key to green rolling is primarily the yield (and avoiding remelting), which is just as important as direct energy use. A case study of the design and commissioning of the All Headless Steel Production (ESP) plant in Avidi, Italy, explains how modern mills contribute to the green steel industry. Technology-related features include energy-saving effects of near-net-shape continuous casting and direct rolling and the elimination of intermediate heating, advances in transmission and energy conversion technologies, and energy-saving solutions that maximize yield. Some important collaborations on green rolling are also covered, including collaborations with universities, notably the University of Cambridge WellMet 2050 project. As a conclusion, the green principle of steel used in the general industry is summarized, opening up important ideas for the design.