论文部分内容阅读
严格责任与无过错责任分别系英美法系与大陆法系侵权法上至为重要的归责原则。二者得以确立均经历了从结果责任到过错责任/过失责任再到严格责任和无过错责任的过程。由于两大法系业已存在的固有差异及当下相互吸收、借鉴的趋向,严格责任和无过错责任在发展、确立的过程中,既存在内涵外延、适用范围、抗辩事由上的区别,又在哲学基础、配套机制等方面趋同。本文旨在对严格责任和无过错责任的源流及发展加以探索,为中国侵权法的立法发展走向提供了参考和启示:其一,在大胆引入“严格责任”概念的同时,须对简单将其与“无过错责任”加以等同的做法予以防范;其二,把侵权法的功能立足于填补损害、救济弱者,弱化其惩罚、制裁的色彩;其三,与侵权法配套的社会保险、安全制度应加以建立健全,使之与侵权法形成良性互动。
The strict liability and the no-fault liability are the most important imputation principles in common law system and civil law tort law respectively. Both of them are established through the process of responsibility from the result to the fault liability / fault liability to the strict liability and the faultless liability. Due to the inherent differences existing between the two legal systems and the current trend of mutual absorption and reference, the strict liability and the no-fault liability in the process of development and establishment, there are not only the differences of connotation extension, scope of application and defenses, but also on the philosophical basis , Supporting mechanisms and other aspects of convergence. The purpose of this article is to explore the origin and development of the strict liability and the no-fault liability and provide reference and inspiration for the legislative development of the Tort Law in China. First, we must boldly introduce the concept of “strict liability” Secondly, the function of tort law should be based on filling in the damage, helping the weak and weakening the punishments and punishments; thirdly, the society supporting the tort law Insurance and safety systems should be established and perfected to form a benign interaction with tort law.