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微小RNA(miRNA)是内源性单链非编码RNA,长度为18 ～24个核苷酸,可通过靶向mRNA切割或翻译抑制来发挥重要的调节作用,在转录后水平负调控基因的表达.miRNA通过降解靶基因或者抑制转录后的翻译水平,进而影响细胞的分化、增生和凋亡,并在生物生长发育以及疾病发生和发展过程中发挥调节作用.近年来研究发现,miRNA在甲状腺相关性眼病(TAO)的发生和发展进程中同样发挥重要的调控作用.本文就眼眶组织miRNA和循环miRNA在TAO发生和发展过程中的调控作用进行综述,为深入研究TAO的发病机制和治疗方向提供新的思路.“,”MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous,single-stranded,noncoding RNAs with 18 to 24 nucleotides in length.miRNAs play important regulatory roles by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression.Thus,they negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.miRNA can degrade target mRNA or inhibit the translational level of their target mRNAs,which in turn affects cell differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis,and thus plays an important role in the regulation in the occurrence of diseases and the development of the organism.Recent studies have shown that miRNA also plays an important regulatory role in the development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).This article reviewed the regulatory effect of miRNA in the development of TAO,providing a new insight in the pathogenesis and treatment of TAO.