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比较清代南京和北京官话-k尾入声字的拼写,尤其是艾约瑟、威妥玛、马礼逊及何美龄编撰的官话课本和字典拼写的“宕江梗曾通”五摄的入声字,我们发现这五摄的入声字在清代北京和南京官话中都丢失了-k尾,但它们在北京和南京官话有不同的音变。在北京官话,大致上有两种主要的音变,一是变作零韵尾韵母,一是变作以-u或-i收尾的韵母,还有少部分字变作撮口呼韵母-üeh;而在南京官话,一般变作零韵尾韵母,少部分变作以-i收尾的韵母。南京官话以-k收尾的入声字,少部分也有文白异读的现象,尤其变作以-i收尾的韵母,明显是受北京官话的影响。
Comparing the spelling of the k-mei-syllable words of the Nanjing and Beijing Mandarin in the Qing Dynasty, especially the mandarin textbooks and dictionaries written by Ephraim, Waitomo, Morrison and He Meiling, We found that the five characters’ phonetic characters lost -k tail in both Qing dynasty and Nanjing dialect, but they have different sound changes in Beijing and Nanjing dialect. In Beijing Mandarin, there are roughly two main types of phonetic variations: one is to become a zero-rhyme finals, one to become a vowel ending in -u or -i, and a small portion to become a vocalist-ueh; In Nanjing Mandarin, the general change to zero rhyme finals, a small part of the vowels ending in -i. Nanjing Mandarin to-k closing words into the voice, a small part of the phenomenon also has literary and artistic differences, in particular, into a finals ending in -i, obviously influenced by the Beijing Mandarin.