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对250份国外甜瓜(Cucumis melo)种质资源的19个形态性状多样性进行研究。结果表明,国外甜瓜种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性,平均遗传多样性指数为1.378。9个质量性状(果实形状、果皮底色、覆纹颜色、覆纹形状、网纹密度、网纹粗度、果肉颜色、果肉质地和种子颜色)和4个数量性状(单果鲜重、果肉厚度、可溶性固形物含量和种子千粒重)变异明显,其Shannon’s指数分别大于1.0和1.9。不同生态区间种质资源遗传多样性差异明显,多样性指数由高到低依次为:南亚(1.512)、东北欧(1.404)、西欧(1.372)、北美(1.340)和东亚(1.281)。通过聚类分析将所有甜瓜种质划分为四大组群,即南亚组群、东北欧组群、西欧北美组群和东亚北美组群。以印度为代表的南亚甜瓜种质形态多样性水平较高,支持了印度次生大陆为甜瓜起源中心的观点。
The morphological diversity of 19 morphological traits in 250 cucumber cultivars from foreign melon (Cucumis melo) was studied. The results showed that the foreign melon germplasm resources were rich in morphological diversity, the average genetic diversity index was 1.378.9 quality traits (fruit shape, peel background color, overlay color, overlay shape, reticulate density, textured coarse Degree, flesh color, flesh texture and seed color) and four quantitative traits (fresh weight of single fruit, flesh thickness, soluble solids content and seed thousand kernel weight), the Shannon’s index was greater than 1.0 and 1.9, respectively. Differences in genetic diversity among germplasm resources in different ecological zones were significant. The highest and lowest diversity indices were South Asia (1.512), Northeastern Europe (1.404), Western Europe (1.372), North America (1.340) and East Asia (1.281). All melon germplasms were divided into four groups according to cluster analysis: South Asia, Northeast Europe, North West Europe and East Asia North America. The high diversity of South Asian melon represented by India supports the viewpoint that the Indian secondary continent is the center of melon origin.