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目的了解新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)外环境霍乱弧菌循环和分布状况,为今后预防和控制霍乱疫情提供科学依据。方法按照GB 15984-1995《霍乱诊断标准及处理原则》和《霍乱防治手册》(原卫生部,第五版)规范进行监测。结果 2001-2011年间检测外环境水体、食品、混合便和苍蝇标本共2 279份,检出霍乱弧菌阳性156份,总阳性率6.85%;其中水体阳性率21.40%,水产品阳性率0.71%,混和便阳性率0.30%。霍乱弧菌阳性菌株鉴定分型:小川型占87.82%,稻叶型占10.26%,O139型占1.92%;流行株占2.56%(均为稻叶型),非流行株占97.44%。结论巴州地区外环境尤其是水体霍乱弧菌污染较严重。加强外环境的霍乱弧菌监测、科学地预测预报、有针对性地采取预防控制措施能有效降低和控制霍乱疫情的发生。
Objective To understand the circulation and distribution of Vibrio cholerae in the outer environment of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (Bazhou) in Xinjiang, and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control of the epidemic of cholera. Methods According to GB 15984-1995 “cholera diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment” and “cholera prevention and treatment manual” (former Ministry of Health, Fifth Edition) norms for monitoring. Results A total of 2 279 environmental water samples, food samples, mixed samples and flies samples were collected from 2001 to 2011. 156 positive samples of Vibrio cholerae were detected with the total positive rate of 6.85%. The positive rate of water was 21.40% and the positive rate of aquatic products was 0.71% , Mixed positive rate of 0.30%. Vibrio cholerae positive strains identified typing: Ogawa accounted for 87.82%, rice leaves accounted for 10.26%, O139 accounted for 1.92%; prevalence strains accounted for 2.56% (all rice-type), non-epidemic strains accounted for 97.44%. CONCLUSION Pollution of Vibrio cholerae outside the environment in Bazhou, especially in water, is more serious. Vibrio cholerae surveillance to strengthen the external environment, scientific forecasting, targeted prevention and control measures can effectively reduce and control the occurrence of cholera epidemic.