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五、作为商品的信息“信息作为一种商品”的问题对于信息经济分析具有极为重要的作用,问题的关键在于信息商品具有“公共物品”的特性。有关公共物品的概念在现代经济文献中可追溯到萨缪尔森。在他看来,商品可以分作两类,一类是可以在个人之间适当分享的私人消费物品,一类是每个人都可以并且完全消费的公共消费物品。实际上,一件私人物品的资产可以通过配置给消费者而完全消耗掉,但公共物品的资产可以没有限制地分配。海德 J.G.Head 认为,这种概念的公共物品是一个极端的情况,在实际当中,公共物品的消费要受到容量的限制。他分析了公共物品的两个特性——不可分性和外在性。不可分性意味着对某一个人供应一特定单位的公共物品是一种联合产品,它也要供应给所有的个人。为供应一个人而进行的公共物品的生产与为供应所有人而进行的公
Fifth, the information as a commodity The “information as a commodity” problem for the analysis of the information economy has an extremely important role, the key issue is that information products have the “public goods” feature. The concept of public goods goes back to Samuelson in modern economic literature. In his view, goods can be divided into two categories, one is private consumption goods that can be properly shared among individuals, and one is public consumption goods that everyone can consume and consume completely. In fact, the assets of a private good can be completely consumed by consumers, but the public goods can be distributed without any restrictions. Hyde J.G. Head believes that this concept of public goods is an extreme situation, in fact, the consumption of public goods subject to capacity constraints. He analyzed two characteristics of public goods - inseparability and externalities. Indispensability means that a public good supplying a particular unit to an individual is a co-product that is also supplied to all individuals. The production of public goods for the supply of one person and the public for the supply of the owner