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Adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells were co-cultured with untreated or A?1-40-treated PC12 cells,or grown in supatant derived from untreated or A?1-40-treated PC12 cells.Analysis by w est blot and quantitative real-time PCR showed that protein levels of Nanog,Oct4,and Sox2,and mRNA levels of miR/125a/3p were decreased,while expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 and neuron specific enolase was increased.In comparison,the generation of neuron specific enolase-positive cells was most successful when adipose-derived stem cells were co-cultured with A?1-40-treated PC12 cells.Our results demonstrate that adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells exhibit trends of neuronal-like cell differentiation after co-culture with A?1-40-treated PC12 cells.This process may relate to a downregulation of miR-125a-3p mRNA expression and increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-2 expression.