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为降低TC4钛合金选区激光熔化(SLM)的成型方向(Z向)误差,考察了SLM过程中粉体熔化导致的Z向误差产生和变化的过程。建立了Z向误差累积和补偿数学模型,并提出了对应的补偿方法。通过成型实验对模型的有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明,这些模型能够有效地描述TC4钛合金SLM的Z向误差累积和变化的规律;依照模型提出的补偿方法能够大幅减小Z向误差。相比于传统的Z向误差分析方法,新模型更加准确,为未来金属材料SLM成型的误差控制和最优层厚的快速选择提供了参考依据。
In order to reduce the error of forming direction (Z-direction) of the TC4 titanium alloy laser melting (SLM), the process of the Z-direction error caused by powder melting in the SLM process was investigated. The mathematical model of Z-direction error accumulation and compensation is established and the corresponding compensation method is proposed. The validity of the model was verified by forming experiments. The experimental results show that these models can effectively describe the accumulation and variation of Z-direction error of TC4 titanium alloy SLM. According to the proposed compensation method, the Z-direction error can be greatly reduced. Compared with the traditional method of Z-direction error analysis, the new model is more accurate and provides a reference for the future error control of metal forming SLM and the rapid selection of optimal layer thickness.