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目的:探讨高海拔地区肺栓塞的危险因素、临床特点及诊断方法。方法:选择本院确诊为肺栓塞的患者26例,回顾性分析所有患者的危险因素、临床特点及诊断方法。结果:肺栓塞的高危因素主要为慢性阻塞性肺病、下肢深静脉血栓形成、手术后、肿瘤。呼吸困难为肺血栓栓塞症最常见的症状。肺栓塞时可有Pa O2下降、血液中D-二聚体浓度升高、超声心动图可见肺动脉压增高、右心扩大。肺动脉CT检查可确诊肺栓塞。结论:高海拔地区慢性阻塞性肺病发病率高,合并肺栓塞时极易误诊。
Objective: To explore the risk factors, clinical features and diagnostic methods of pulmonary embolism in high altitude areas. Methods: Totally 26 patients diagnosed as pulmonary embolism in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients’ risk factors, clinical features and diagnostic methods were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The main risk factors for pulmonary embolism were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity, and postoperative tumor. Dyspnea is the most common symptom of pulmonary thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism may have decreased Pa O2, D-dimer concentration in the blood, increased echocardiography pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular enlargement. Pulmonary CT examination can confirm pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high altitude areas is very high. It is easily misdiagnosed when combined with pulmonary embolism.