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一、基尼系数与贫富差距 自古以来,有没有一种社会形态是贫富完全平均没有任何差异的呢?有,那就是原始社会早期,那时候物质财富极度贫乏,什么东西都是平均分配的。而从原始社会后期到现在,贫富差距就不同程度地存在着,“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”,绝不仅仅是中国古代贫富差距的写照。在现代发达国家,“富裕中的贫困”仍是普遍现象。在美国,一个普通医生年薪约20万美元,一个普通警官年薪为5万美元,而一个普通农场工人一年只能挣2万美元。即使同是医生,收入差距也相当大,横向和纵向不平等无处不在。
First, the Gini coefficient and the gap between rich and poor since ancient times, there is no social form is completely average without any difference between rich and poor? Yes, that is, the early primitive society, then extremely poor material wealth, everything is evenly distributed . From the late primitive society to the present, the gap between rich and poor exists to varying degrees, “Zhumen wine stink, the road is frozen dead”, not only a reflection of the gap between rich and poor in ancient China. In modern developed countries, “poverty in affluence” is still a common phenomenon. In the United States, a general practitioner earns about $ 200,000 a year, an ordinary police officer earns $ 50,000 a year, and an average farm worker can only earn $ 20,000 a year. Even with doctors, the income gap is quite large, with horizontal and vertical inequalities everywhere.