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采用碱处理以及碱-偶联剂处理竹纤维,利用非织造和热压工艺制备了竹纤维(BF)与聚丙烯纤维(PP)混杂毡平铺复合材料。研究了改性前后竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料的湿热老化行为的变化,并用SEM研究了复合材料界面结合状况。结果表明:竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料的吸湿规律符合Fick吸湿定律,和竹纤维含量无关,复合材料的吸湿行为不仅与竹纤维含量有关,还与材料内部孔洞密切相关。湿热老化对复合材料拉伸性能影响不显著,经过碱处理或者碱-偶联剂处理后,竹纤维与聚丙烯纤维混杂毡平铺复合材料耐湿热老化性能有较明显的提升效果,综合考虑湿热老化后复合材料的性能,碱-偶联剂处理后复合材料耐湿热老化性能最优,当湿热老化60 d后,复合材料的弯曲和拉伸强度分别为60.55、33.10 MPa,较未处理分别提高了49.51%、18.06%,弯曲和拉伸模量分别为3.91、3.58 GPa,较未处理分别提高了64.7%、7.28%。SEM结果显示:经过碱-偶联剂处理后,竹纤维与聚丙烯树脂之间的黏结得到了提升,复合材料内部孔隙减少,阻碍了水分在材料内的扩散,从而提升了复合材料的耐湿热老化性能。
The bamboo fiber was treated with alkali and alkali-coupling agent, and mixed fabric of bamboo fiber (BF) and polypropylene fiber (PP) was prepared by non-woven and hot-pressed technology. The change of damp-heat aging behavior of bamboo fiber and polypropylene fiber mixed tile tiled composite before and after modification was studied. The interface bonding of the composite was studied by SEM. The results show that the hygroscopic law of bamboo fiber and polypropylene fiber hybrid felted composite complies with Fick moisture absorption law and has nothing to do with the bamboo fiber content. The hygroscopic behavior of the composite is not only related to bamboo fiber content, but also closely related to the internal pores of the material. The aging of wet-heat-aged composite had no significant effect on the tensile properties of the composites. After alkali treatment or alkali-coupling agent treatment, the wet-heat aging resistance of bamboo fiber and polypropylene fiber hybrid mat composite significantly improved, After aging, the composites have the best resistance to damp-heat aging. After 60 days of aging, the bending and tensile strength of composites are 60.55 and 3.10 MPa, respectively, which are higher than those of untreated ones 49.51% and 18.06% respectively. The bending and tensile modulus were 3.91 and 3.58 GPa, respectively, which were 64.7% and 7.28% higher than those of untreated ones. The results of SEM showed that the adhesion between bamboo fiber and polypropylene resin was improved after alkali-coupling agent treatment, and the internal porosity of the composite material decreased, which hindered the diffusion of water in the material and promoted the heat-and-moisture resistance of the composite Aging performance.