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目的了解哈尔滨市居民成年人群吸烟和被动吸烟流行状况,判断烟草流行的变化趋势,为有针对性的评估和修订《哈尔滨市防止二手烟草烟雾危害条例》提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法抽取符合条件的哈尔滨市成年人群作为本次研究对象,进行入户问卷调查。结果哈尔滨市二环以内成年人全人群目前吸烟率为18.8%,男性和女性现在吸烟率分别为35.1%和2.7%;男性45~64岁年龄组人群吸烟率最高,女性65岁及以上年龄组人群吸烟率最高。吸烟者以吸机制卷烟为主,人均每日吸烟量为13.7支。有22.8%的人在过去12个月中至少尝试过一次戒烟。室内工作场所暴露于二手烟的成年人占40.8%,家中暴露于二手烟的成年人占37.2%,公共场所二手烟暴露的比例最高的场所是酒吧和餐饮,占74.4%和65.0%。公众对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗塞、中风和阴茎勃起四种疾病的认知率为21.1%。结论哈尔滨市吸烟及被动吸烟调查数据略低于全国报告值,哈尔滨市采取的控烟措施初见成效,但控烟工作仍任重道远。
Objective To understand the prevalence of smoking and passive smoking among adults in Harbin and to determine the trend of tobacco epidemic and to provide the basic information for targeted assessment and revision of the “Harbin Ordinance to Prevent the Damage of Used Tobacco Smoke”. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select eligible adults in Harbin as the research object, and questionnaires were conducted. Results The current prevalence of smoking among adults within the second ring of Harbin was 18.8%. The prevalence of smoking in males and females was 35.1% and 2.7% respectively. The prevalence of smoking among males aged 45-64 was the highest, while that of females aged 65 and over The highest rate of population smoking. Smoker mainly smoking mechanism cigarettes per capita daily smoking amount of 13.7. 22.8% of people have tried at least one smoking cessation in the past 12 months. 40.8% of adults exposed to second-hand smoke in indoor workplaces, 37.2% of adults exposed to second-hand smoke at home, and bars and restaurants accounting for 74.4% and 65.0% of the total exposure to secondhand smoke in public places. Public awareness of the four smoking-induced lung cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke and penile erections was 21.1%. Conclusion The survey data of smoking and passive smoking in Harbin are slightly lower than the national report value. The tobacco control measures taken in Harbin have achieved initial success, but the tobacco control work still has a long way to go.