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对企业实行股份制改造的目的,说到底就是为了转换企业经营机制,增强企业活力,提高企业经济效益,发展社会主义市场经济。但是,在当前试行股份制的实践中,存在着一些目的性的偏差,有的把股份制看作仅仅是解决企业资金不足和职工收入增加的问题,这难免使股份制进入误区。不可否认,对企业实行股份制改造,的确可以开辟新的融资渠道,职工也可以通过投资入股获取股利,鼓励职工为企业多作贡献,促进企业兴旺发达。从这目的性来说,是殊途同归的。但是,要实现这一目的,必须转换企业经营机制。而“集资”并不能“转制”。如果企业搞了股份制,经营机制依然如故,到头来通过股份制形式筹集的资金就变成包袱,最终股份制将走向失败。
The purpose of the joint-stock reform of enterprises is, in the final analysis, to transform the operating mechanism of enterprises, enhance the vitality of enterprises, increase the economic efficiency of enterprises, and develop the socialist market economy. However, in the current practice of trial shareholding system, there are some deviations from the purpose. Some consider the stock-holding system as merely a solution to the problem of insufficient funds for enterprises and the increase of employees’ income. This inevitably makes the joint-stock system into a misunderstanding. It is undeniable that the implementation of joint-stock reform of enterprises can indeed open up new financing channels. Workers can also obtain dividends through investment in shares, encourage employees to contribute more to the enterprise, and promote the prosperity of enterprises. For this purpose, it is all the same. However, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to change the business operation mechanism. The “fundraising” cannot be “converted”. If the company engages in a joint-stock system, the operating mechanism remains the same. In the end, the funds raised through the joint-stock system will become a burden and the ultimate joint-stock system will fail.