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为明确膜下滴灌和淹灌两种栽培模式对水稻光合生理及产量构成因素的影响,本研究对4个水稻品系齐穗期剑叶的光合色素含量、光-CO_2响应曲线、叶绿素荧光参数、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等光合生理指标,以及成熟期产量构成要素进行了分析。结果表明:膜下滴灌模式下,4个参试材料的光合色素含量均低于淹灌,但差异均不显著;光合及光-CO_2响应曲线分析表明,光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、饱和光强和饱和CO_2浓度下的最大净光合速率(P_(n,max))、光饱和点(LSP)及羧化效率(CE)均低于淹灌,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、光补偿点(LCP)、CO_2补偿点(CCP)、光呼吸速率(R_p)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)等指标总体上高于淹灌,大部分指标差异显著;叶绿素荧光参数研究表明,实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P)和光系统II(PSII)最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)高于淹灌,电子传递速率(ETR)、暗适应下最小荧光(F_o)及最大荧光(F_m)低于淹灌,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)在两种栽培模式下差异不大;可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和可溶性糖(SS)含量总体上低于淹灌,丙二醛(MDA)含量总体上高于淹灌;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上高于淹灌,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性差异不大;株高、分蘖数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、有效穗数、产量等性状总体上低于淹灌,结实率和二级枝梗数差异不大。膜下滴灌水稻大部分光合生理指标以及产量构成因素均低于淹灌,可能遭受轻度水分胁迫,这也可能是膜下滴灌水稻产量进一步提高的主要限制因素。
In order to clarify the effects of drip irrigation and flooding irrigation on photosynthetic physiology and yield components of rice, the photosynthetic pigment content, light-CO2 response curve, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Protective enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment substances and other photosynthetic physiological indicators, as well as the mature yield components were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of photosynthetic pigments in four tested materials were all lower than those in flooded irrigation under the drip irrigation under mulch, but the difference was not significant. The photosynthetic and light-CO2 response curves showed that the photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (P_ (n max)), light saturation point (LSP) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) under saturated light intensity and saturated CO 2 concentration were lower than those under flooding irrigation and intercellular CO 2 concentration ), LCP, CCP, Rp, AQY and R_d were generally higher than those under flooded irrigation, most of the indicators were different The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the actual photochemical quantum efficiency (ΦPSII), the photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P) and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (F_v / F_m) were higher than those under flooding irrigation, electron transfer rate (ETR) Under the dark adaptation, the minimum fluorescence (F_o) and maximum fluorescence (F_m) were lower than those under flooding and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under the two cultivation modes. The contents of soluble protein (SP) and soluble sugar Overall, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was generally lower than that of flooding irrigation. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was generally higher than that of flooding irrigation, The activities of CAT and POD were not significantly different. The characters of plant height, tiller number, spike length, number of spikes per spike, thousand-kernel weight, effective panicle number, yield and yield were generally lower than those of flooding and seed setting And the number of secondary branches little difference. Most of photosynthetic physiological indexes and yield components of drip irrigation under mulch were lower than those of submerged irrigation and may suffer mild water stress, which may also be the main limiting factor for the further increase of rice yield under drip irrigation.