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以价值多元化为背景,对中小学生的道德状况和道德环境进行问卷调查。调查以内涵的指涉对象构建研究框架,以指向自我、指向具体他人、指向抽象他人和社会、指向国家和民族四个维度为基本框架,从道德现状和道德环境两个方面,分析价值多元化背景下中小学生的道德判断、道德推理和隐含的价值观,以及他们所受环境的影响。调查结果表明,中小学生在大部分德目上,都比较认同社会主流的价值观,相对传统的价值观而言,他们表现出更明显的时代特色,而道德行为大多与道德认知存在一定的差异;在道德判断上倾向于主流,但在道德推理上则呈现多元的价值倾向;同伴群体对中小学生的道德发展具有重要的影响作用。在社会多元化发展和市场经济进一步成熟的背景下,学校道德教育也应当顺应这种多元的状况,从崇尚道德权威的传统转变到尊重道德理性的教育,允许多元价值观的存在,以使大家共享的价值观更加稳固。
Based on the diversity of values, a questionnaire survey is conducted on the moral condition and moral environment of primary and middle school students. The investigation constructs the research framework based on the connotation of the object, with the basic framework of four dimensions of self, pointing to specific others, abstracting others and society, pointing to the country and nation, analyzing the value diversity from two aspects of moral status and moral environment The moral judgments, ethical reasoning and implicit values of primary and middle school students in the background and the impact of their environment. The survey results show that, in most of the German students, primary and secondary students are more agree with the values of the mainstream society, compared with the traditional values, they show more obvious characteristics of the times, and most of the moral behavior and moral cognition there are some differences; In the moral judgments tend to the mainstream, but in the moral reasoning is the diversity of values tendencies; peer groups on the moral development of primary and secondary students have an important impact. In the context of diversified development of society and the further maturity of the market economy, school moral education should also conform to this pluralistic situation, from the tradition of advocating moral authority to education of respecting moral rationality, allowing the existence of pluralistic values so as to enable everyone to share The values are more stable.